Tools
Planetary Boundaries Explorer
An interactive explorer of the nine planetary boundaries: where each stands today, how it has changed since 1950 and where current pathways lead by 2050.
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Credits
Data sources and acknowledgements
Most historical trajectories between published anchor points are approximate reconstructions, and 2050 values are scenario projections. The explorer labels them as such; full citations are on its Sources & methods page.
- Framework
- Rockström et al. (2009), Steffen et al. (2015) and Richardson et al. (2023), “Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries”, Science Advances 9(37). Source
- Latest assessment
- Sakschewski, Caesar et al. (2025), Planetary Health Check 2025, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. Source
- Atmospheric CO₂
- NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Mauna Loa annual means; Law Dome ice-core record (MacFarling Meure et al. 2006) for 1950. Source
- Temperature
- NASA GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP v4). Source
- Forests
- Hansen et al. (2013) and Global Forest Watch. Source
- Societies and climate risk
- Manoj Yadav (2020), Planetary Boundaries as Planetary Risks: Consequences for Societies, LSE-MPP, and the primary sources it cites: IPCC SROCC, Aon, World Economic Forum, Germanwatch, UNDRR, World Bank, IEA and the Fiji, India and USA case-study literature. Every reference is listed on the explorer's Sources & methods page.
- Visual design
- After the Stockholm Resilience Centre planetary boundaries figures. Credit: Azote for Stockholm Resilience Centre, based on analysis in Richardson et al. 2023. Source
Explorer designed and built by Team Procambrian.